A home equity loan, often called a second mortgage, is a loan taken out with a fixed-interest rate. The loan is a one-time lump sum. The rate offered takes into account the APR plus points and other finance charges to process the loan.

In contrast, a home-equity line of credit, or HELOC, acts more like a credit card. Your lender extends a line of credit, and you can make continuing withdrawals within your limit. The interest for this loan is variable, based on APR without points or other charges.

Payments for these two different loans vary. With traditional home equity loans, payments are usually the same each month, including interest and principal. With a HELOC, payments will vary depending on the interest rate, how much credit you have used, and any options you have set forth with the lender.

There are significant benefits and risks with each type of home equity loan. A traditional home equity loan is a great choice for things like debt consolidation and single-purpose purchases (cars, medical expenses, college tuition, home improvements, and more). This loan is dependable, with low and fixed monthly payments and interest rates, compared to credit cards. In addition, interest may be tax-deductible, depending on specific circumstances.

HELOCs have some of the lowest interest rates and monthly payments of any consumer loans. Often used for debt consolidation, they are more flexible than traditional home equity loans, and application and documentation requirements are less demanding. Mortgage insurance is not required, reducing payments. Finally, interest may be tax-deductible, depending on specific circumstances.